Question

Narrate the evolution of the Indian Judiciary.

Answer 1

1. Judiciary during the ancient period:
   During ancient times, the concept of justice was linked with religion. The king was regarded as the fountainhead of Justice. Most of the Kings’ courts dispensed justice according to ‘dharma’, (righteousness and duty) a set of conventional laws, Dharmic laws governed not only the individual but also the society.
2. Judiciary during the Medieval period:
   The Tughlaq period saw the compilation of the code of civil procedure. It was called Fiqha-e-Feroze Shahi. The code prescribed details of the procedure and the law in several matters. It was written in Arabic and was translated into Persian.
3. Judiciary during the Modern period:

1. The Indian judicial system and laws we have today were formed by the British during the colonial rule in the country. The beginning of Indian codified common law is traced back to 1727 (Under the Charter of 1 726) when the Mayor‘s court in Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta was established by the East India Company.
2. Lord Cornwallis reorganized the civil and criminal judicial system. During the time period of William Bentinck, four Circuit courts were abolished.
3. The Government of India Act 1935 created the Federal Court.