Question

The cultural environment provides a context for intelligence to develop. How does the role of culture influence our understanding of intelligence? Explain.

Answer 1

Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, claimed that culture offers a social context in which people can exist, develop, and comprehend their surroundings. He continued by saying that while basic mental abilities are shared by all people, higher mental abilities like problem-solving and reasoning are mostly products of culture. The following are some ways that our concept of intelligence is influenced by our culture:

Technological intelligence:

In modern societies, technological intelligence is used to enhance generalisation and abstraction skills, as well as speed and mental manipulation.

Integral intelligence:

• It is promoted and valued in Asian and African societies.
• Collectivistic orientation and self-reflection.

Intelligence in the Indian concept:

1. Emphasises on integral intelligence
2. 'Buddhi' (Sanskrit word) is used to represent intelligence.
3. The following competencies are identified as features of intelligence in the Indian tradition.

1. Cognitive capacity: sensitivity to communication and problem-solving skills.

2. Social competence: commitment to elders, concern for young and the needy and understanding others’ perspective.

3. Emotional competence: self-regulation and self-monitoring of emotions, honesty, politeness, good conduct and self-evaluation.

4. Entrepreneurial competence: commitment, persistence, patience, hard work, vigilance and goal-directed behaviours.