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प्रश्न
With the help of a flow diagram, describe how energy from the sun flows through various trophic levels.
उत्तर
Energy from the sun flows through various trophic levels in the following steps.
- Green plants trap solar energy with the help of their green pigment, chlorophyll, and convert it into chemical energy. They store this energy in the form of carbohydrates. On average, about one percent of the sun's energy falling on the leaves of green plants is used by the plants in the process of photosynthesis and stored as the chemical energy of food.
- When plants are eaten by herbivores, the chemical energy stored in the plants is transferred to them.
- The herbivores are then consumed by carnivores, and the chemical energy stored in the flesh of the herbivores is transferred to the carnivores.
- Some of the energy from producers and consumers is also utilised for the life processes of micro-organisms called decomposers. Decomposers, in turn, release the unutilized energy into the environment as heat. The energy that is not utilised by producers, consumers, and decomposers is lost in the environment as heat. This heat is called community heat.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How does ozone affect any ecosystem?
Which radiations are absorbed by ozone layer?
The depletion of ozone layer in the upper atmosphere is mainly due to the emission of :
(a) unburnt hydrocarbons
(b) chlorofluorocarbons
(c) greenhouse gases
(d) ultraviolet radiations
How is ozone formed in the higher level of atmosphere?
Match the items in column I with the closely related ones in column II.
| Column l | Column lI | ||
| (i) | Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | (a) | Global warming |
| (ii) | Fly ash | (b) | Biodegradable |
| (iii) | Cow dung | (c) | Nuclear radiation pollutant |
| (iv) | CO2 and methane | (d) | Acid rain |
| (v) | Sulphur dioxide | (e) | Industrial waste |
| (vi) | Iodine-131 | (f) | Ozone depletion |
State how CFCs break ozone in the stratosphere.
Name or state the following:
The atom which reacts with oxygen to form ozone.
A motor car, with its glass totally closed, is parked directly under the sun. The inside temperature of the car rises very high. Explain why?
In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) forged an agreement to freeze the production of a certain chemical to the year 1986 level. Name the chemical and the manufacturing companies m which this chemical was being mostly used.
In what way this chemical damage -
- the upper layers of the atmosphere and ultimately
- the organisms on the earth.
Write the full form of CFCs.
