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प्रश्न
Write a brief note on the causes of infertility.
उत्तर
INFERTILITY
Definition: Infertility is the inability to conceive or produce children in spite of unprotected sexual cohabitation. The term is not synonym of sterility which means complete inability to produce children.
Reasons: There may be several reasons for infertility in males and females. These reasons could be physical, congenital diseases, drugs, immunological or even psychological.
- Infertility in Males :
A fertile male deposits about 3-4 mL semen per ejaculation, which contains over 200 million normal, motile sperm. A man is infertile if the semen has low sperm count or abnormal sperm structure or poor sperm motility.
The various causes of male infertility may include cryptorchidism (failure of testes to descend into scrotum), hyperthermia (higher temperature in scrotal sac due to tight undergarments), blockage of vas deferens, alcoholism (inhibits spermatogenesis), infection with mumps virus after puberty, deficiency of gonadotropin, ejaculation defect, exposure to radiation, etc.The condition of low sperm count is called oligospermia, near absence of live sperm as azospermia, low sperm motility as asthenozoospermia and defect in sperm structure as teratozoospermia . - Infertility in Females
Infertility in females may be due to irregular ovulation or no ovulation or defect in the genital tract like impaired motility of fallopian tube, defective uterine endometrium, defects in the cervix, defective vaginal growth or deficiency of sex hormones.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
State True/False with explanation.
Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner.
Fill in the blank:
Sperm fertilizes ovum in the _______of fallopian tube.
Fill in the blank:
The disc-like structure which helps in the transfer of substances to and from the fetus’s body is called _______.
The method of directly injecting a sperm into ovum in assisted by reproductive technology is called ______.
Which Artificial Reproductive Technique can help a lady conceive a child if both her fallopian tubes are blocked?
Test-tube baby is one who ______.
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is ______.
In which of the following ARTs, does in vivo fertilisation occur?
Placed below are case studies of some couples who were not able to have kids. These couples are not ready for adoption or taking gametes from donors. After thoroughly examining the cases, which Assisted Reproductive Technology will you suggest to these couples as a medical expert? Explain briefly with justification of each case.
| Couple | Test reports of Female partner |
Test reports of male partner |
| Couple 1 | Normal reports | Normal sperms in testes, Missing connection in epididymis and Vas deferens. |
| Couple 2 | Blockage in the fallopian tube | Normal reports |
| Couple 3 | Normal reports | Poor semen parameters in terms of count, motility and morphology. |
| Couple 4 | low ovarian reserve | Normal reports |
| Couple 5 | Sterilization in male | Morphologically abnormal sperms |
Write the long form of GIFT.
