Question

Write two causes of energy loss in a real transformer.

Answer 1

In real transformers, small energy losses occur due to the following reasons:

1. Flux leakage: When the primary passes through the secondary, a small amount of the magnetic flux leaks. The air gaps or poorly designed cores are to blame for this. The primary and secondary coils can be wound over each other to lessen it.
2. Resistance of the windings: Winding wires have resistance and generate heat, resulting in energy loss (I²R). Using thick wire reduces energy losses in high-current and low-voltage windings.
3. Copper loss: In primary and secondary windings, heating copper wires can cause energy loss.
4. Eddy current loss: The alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the iron core, leading to heat energy loss.