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Computer Science (Python) Commerce (English Medium) Class 12 CBSE Syllabus 2025-26

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CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus - Free PDF Download

CBSE Syllabus 2025-26 Class 12: The CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus for the examination year 2025-26 has been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2025-26 CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CBSE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.

The detailed CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus for 2025-26 is below.

Academic year:

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Revised Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) and their Unit wise marks distribution

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Course Structure 2025-26 With Marking Scheme

#Unit/TopicWeightage
I  Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming40
1  Exceptional Handling in Python 
2  File Handling in Python 
3  Stack 
4  Queue 
5  Sorting 
6  Searching 
II  Unit 2: Database Management20
7  Understanding Data 
8  Database Concepts 
9  Structured Query language (SQL) 
III  Unit 3: Computer Networks10
10  Computer Networks 
11  Data Communication 
12  Security Aspects 
IV  Project 
13  Project Based Learning 
 Total70
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Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus for Chapter 1: Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming

1 Exceptional Handling in Python
  • Introduction of Exception Handling in Python  
  • Syntax Errors  
  • Exceptions  
  • Built-in Exceptions  
    • Built-in exceptions in Python
    • user-defined exceptions
  • Raising Exceptions  
    • The raise Statement
    • The assert Statement
    • Program: Use of assert statement
  • Handling Exceptions  
    • Exception handling
    • Need for Exception Handling
    • Process of Handling Exception
    • Catching exceptions
      ⇒ Program: Using try..except block
      ⇒ Program: Use of multiple except clauses
      ⇒ Program: Use of except without specifying an exception
    • try...except…else clause
      ⇒ Program: Use of else clause
  • Finally Clause  
    • Finally Clause
      ⇒ Program: Use of finally clause
    • Recovering and continuing with finally clause
      ⇒ Program: Recovering through finally clause
  • Types of Function  
    1. Built-in functions,
    2. Functions defined in module,
    3. User defined functions
  • Creating User Defined Function  
  • Arguments and Parameters  
    1. String as Parameters
    2. Default Parameter
  • Default Parameters  
  • Positional Parameters  
  • Function Returning Values  
  • Flow of Execution  
  • Scope of a Variable  
    1. Global Variable
    2. Local Variable 
  • Class 11 Revision  
2 File Handling in Python
  • Introduction to Files  
  • Types of Files in Python  
    1. Text file
    2. Binary files
    3. CSV files
  • Types of Path in Python  
    1. Relative paths
    2. Absolute paths
  • Opening and Closing a Text Files  
    • Opening a file: open ()
    • Closing a file: close ()
    • Opening a file using with clause
    • File access modes
  • Text File Open Modes  
    • r, r+, w, w+, a, a+
  • Writing to a Text File  
    • The write () method
    • The writelines () method
  • Reading from a Text File  
    • The read() method
    • The readline([n]) method
    • The readlines() method
      ⇒ Program: Writing and reading to a text file
  • Setting Offsets in a File  
    • The tell() method
    • The seek() method
      ⇒ Application of seek() and tell()
  • Creating and Traversing a Text File (Data Manipulation)  
    • Creating a file and writing data
      ⇒ Program: To create a text file and write data in it
    • Traversing a file and displaying data
      ⇒ Program: To display data from a text file
      ⇒ Program: To perform reading and writing operation in a text file
  • The Pickle Module  
    • Pickle
    • Methods of pickle files
    1. The dump() method
      ⇒ Program: Pickling data in Python
    2. The load() method
      ⇒ Program: Unpickling data in Python
    3. File handling using the pickle module
      ⇒ Program: To perform basic operations on a binary file using the pickle module
  • Opening and Closing a Binary File in Python  
  • Binary File Open Modes  
    • rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+
  • Writing to a Binary File  
  • Reading from a Binary File  
  • Appending in a Binary Files  
  • Searching a Binary File  
  • Update Operations in a Binary File  
  • Import CSV Module  
  • Opening and Closing a CSV File in Python  
  • Read and Write a CSV File Using Python  
    • Read a CSV File Using Python
    1. CSV file with default delimiter comma (,)
    2. CSV files- data with Spaces at the beginning
    3. CSV File-Data With Quotes
    4. CSV files with Custom Delimiters
    • Read a specific column In a File
    • Read A CSV File And Store It In A List
    • Read A CSV File And Store A Column Value In A List For Sorting
    • Sorting A CSV File With A Specified Column
    • Reading CSV File Into A Dictionary
    • Reading CSV File With User Defined Delimiter Into A Dictionary
3 Stack
  • Stack and Queue in Data Structure  
  • Notations for Arithmetic Expressions  
    • Infix, Prefix and Postfix Notations
  • Conversion from Infix to Postfix Notation  
    • Algorithm: Conversion of expression from infix to postfix notation
  • Evaluation of Postfix Expression  
    • Algorithm: Evaluation of postfix expression
4 Queue
  • Stack and Queue in Data Structure  
  • Introduction to Deque  
    • Applications of Deque
    • Operations on Deque
  • Implementation of Deque Using Python  
    • Program: Implementation of Deque in Python
5 Sorting
  • Sorting in Data Structure  
    • Introduction to Sorting 
    • Bubble Sorting 
  • Bubble Sort  
    • Algorithm: Bubble Sort
    • Program: Implementation of bubble sort using Python
  • Selection Sort  
    • Algorithm: Selection Sort
    • Program: Implementation of selection sort using Python
  • Insertion Sort  
    • Algorithm: Insertion Sort
  • Time Complexity of Algorithms  
6 Searching
  • Searching in Data Structure  
    • Introduction to searching 
    • Linear search 
    • Binary search
  • Linear Search  
    • Sequential search
    • Algorithm: Linear Search
    • Analysis of Sequential Search
  • Binary Search  
    • Algorithm: Binary Search
    • Applications of Binary Search
    • Analysis of Binary Search
  • Search by Hashing  
    • Hash functions
    • Collision
    • Collision resolution
    • Implementing the Map Abstract Data Type

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus for Chapter 2: Unit 2: Database Management

7 Understanding Data
  • Introduction to Data  
  • Importance of Data  
  • Types of Data  
    1. Structured Data
    2. Unstructured Data
  • Data Collection  
  • Data Storage  
  • Data Processing  
  • Statistical Techniques for Data Processing  
    • Variance
    • Data interpretation
    • Visualization of data
    • Measures of Central Tendency for Data Processing  
      1. Mean
      2. Median
      3. Mode
    • Measures of Variability  
      1. Range
      2. Standard deviation
8 Database Concepts
  • Introduction to Database Concepts  
    • Need for database concepts in python
  • File System  
  • Limitations of a File System  
    1. Difficulty in Access
    2. Data Redundancy
    3. Data Inconsistency
    4. Data Isolation
    5. Data Dependence
    6. Controlled Data Sharing
  • Database Management System Software (DBMS)  
  • Applications of DBMS  
    • Railway Reservation System
    • Library Management System
    • Banking
    • Universities and Colleges
    • Credit Card Transactions
    • Social Media Sites
  • File System to Database Management System (DBMS)  
  • Key Concepts in Database Management System (DBMS)  
    1. Database Schema
    2. Data Constraint
    3. Meta-data or Data Dictionary
    4. Database Instance
    5. Query
    6. Data Manipulation
    7. Database Engine
  • Relational Data Model  
  • Terminologies in Relational Data Model  
    1. Attribute
    2. Tuple
    3. Domain
    4. Degree
    5. Cardinality
  • Properties of a Relational Data Model  
  • Keys in a Relational Database  
    1. Candidate Key
    2. Primary Key
    3. Alternate Key
    4. Composite Primary Key
    5. Foreign Key
9 Structured Query language (SQL)
  • Introduction of Structured Query Language (SQL)  
  • Structured Query Language (SQL)  
    • Structured Query Language (SQL)
    • Installing MySQL
  • Data Types and Constraints in MySQL  
    • Data type of Attribute
      1) char(n),
      2) varchar(n),
      3) int,
      4) float,
      5) date
    • Constraints - not null, unique, primary key
  • SQL for Data Definition  
    • CREATE Database
    • Use database
    • Show database
    • Drop database
    • Show tables
    • CREATE Table
    • Describe Table
    • Drop Tables
    • ALTER Table
    1. Add primary key to a relation
    2. Add foreign key to a relation
    3. Add constraint UNIQUE to an existing attribute
    4. Add an attribute to an existing table
    5. Modify datatype of an attribute
    6. Modify constraint of an attribute
    7. Add default value to an attribute
    8. Remove an attribute
      ⇒ Remove primary key from the table
    • DROP Statement
  • SQL for Data Manipulation  
    • INSERTION of Records
  • SQL for Data Query  
    • SELECT Statement
    • QUERYING using Database OFFICE
      (A) Retrieve selected columns
      (B) Renaming of columns
      (C) Distinct Clause
      (D) WHERE Clause
      (E) Membership operator IN
      (F) ORDER BY Clause
      (G) Handling NULL Values
      (H) Substring pattern matching
  • Data Updation and Deletion  
    • Data Updation
    • Data Deletion
  • Functions in SQL  
    • Single Row Functions
    1. Math/ Numeric Functions: POWER(), ROUND(), MOD().
    2. String Functions/ Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().
    3. Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().
    • Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT
  • GROUP BY Clause in SQL  
    • Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.
  • Operations on Relations  
    • UNION (∪)
    • INTERSECT (∩)
    • MINUS (-)
    • Cartesian Product (X)
  • Using Two Relations in Query  
    • Cartesian product on two tables
    • JOIN on two tables : equi-join and natural join
  • Connecting SQL with Python  
  • Performing Insert, Update, Delete Queries Using Cursor  
  • Display Data by Using Fetchone(), Fetchall(), Rowcount  
  • Creating Database Connectivity Applications  

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus for Chapter 3: Unit 3: Computer Networks

10 Computer Networks
  • Introduction to Computer Networks  
  • Evolution of Networking  
    • ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET
  • Types of Networks  
    • Introduction
    • Local Area Network (LAN)
    • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
    • Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • Network Devices  
    • Modem
    • Ethernet Card
    • RJ45
    • Repeater
    • Hub
    • Switch
    • Connector
    • Router
    • Gateway
    • Wifi Card
  • Networking Topologies  
    1. Mesh Topology
    2. Ring Topology
    3. Bus Topology
    4. Star Topology
    5. Tree or Hybrid Topology
  • Types of Networking Topologies  
    1. Mesh Topology
    2. Ring Topology
    3. Bus Topology
    4. Star Topology
    5. Tree or Hybrid Topology
  • Identifying Nodes in a Networked Communication  
    • MAC Address
    • IP Address
  • Internet, Web and the Internet of Things  
    • The World Wide Web (WWW)
  • Network Protocol – DNS (Domain Name System)  
    • Domain name system
    • DNS Server
  • Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)  
  • Extensible Markup Language (XML)  
  • Website  
    • Purpose of a Website
  • Web Browser  
    •  Layout of Web browser
      1) Address bar
      2) Access on the web
      3) Website
      4) Webpages
      5) Hyperlink
      6) Search Engine
  • Web Servers  
  • Web Hosting  
  • Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  
    • Absolute URL
    • Relative URL 
11 Data Communication
  • Concept of Data Communication  
  • Components of Data Communication  
    • Sender
    • Receiver
    • Message
    • Communication media
    • Protocols
  • Measuring Capacity of Communication Media  
    • Channel
    • Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz)
    • Data Transfer Rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps)
  • Types of Data Communication  
    • Types of data communication
    1. Simplex Communication
    2. Half-duplex Communication
    3. Full-duplex Communication
  • Switching Techniques  
    • Switching Techniques
    1. Circuit Switching
    2. Packet Switching
  • Transmission Media  
    • Communication media
    • Classification of communication media
    1. Wired Transmission Media
      (A) Twisted Pair Cable
      (B) Coaxial cable
      (C) Optical Fibre
      (D) Ethernet Cable
    2. Wireless Transmission Media
      (A) Radio Waves
      (B) Microwaves
      (C) Infrared waves
    3. Wireless Technologies
      (A) Bluetooth
      (B) Wireless LAN
  • Mobile Telecommunication Technologies  
    • 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G
  • Network Protocol  
    • Need for Protocols
  • Network protocols - HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)  
  • Network Protocol - FTP (File Transfer Protocol)  
  • Network Protocol - Point to Point Protocol (PPP)  
  • Network Protocol - SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)  
  • Network Protocol - TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)  
    • TCP Working
    • Frequent TCP/IP Protocols - HTTP, HTTPS, FTP
    • Domain Names and TCP/IP Addresses
    • The Different Layers of TCP/IP
      (i) Network Access Layer
      (ii) Internet Layer
      (iii) Transport Layer
      (iv) Application Layer
12 Security Aspects
  • Network Threats and Its Prevention  
  • Malware  
    • Malware
    1. Virus
    2. Worms
    3. Ransomware
    4. Trojan
    5. Spyware
    6. Adware
    7. Keyloggers
      ⇒ Online Virtual Keyboard Vs On-Screen Keyboard
    8. Modes of Malware distribution
    9. Combating Malware
  • Antivirus  
    • Methods of Malware Identification used by Antivirus
      (A) Signature-based detection
      (B) Sandbox detection
      (C) Data mining techniques
      (D) Heuristics
      (E) Real-time protection
  • Spam  
  • HTTP vs HTTPS  
  • Protection Using Firewall  
    • Firewall
    • Types of Firewall
      1) Network Firewall
      2) Host-based Firewall
  • Cookies  
  • Hackers and Crackers (Hacking)  
    • Hacking
    • Hackers and Crackers
    • Types of hackers
    1. White Hats: Ethical Hacker
    2. Black Hats: Crackers
    3. Grey Hats
  • Network Security  

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science (Python) Syllabus for Chapter 4: Project

13 Project Based Learning
  • Introduction of Project Based Learning  
  • Approaches for Solving Projects  
  • Teamwork  
  • Components of Teamwork  
    1. Communicate with others
    2. Listen to others
    3. Share with others
    4. Respect for others
    5. Help others
    6. Participate
  • Project Description  

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Question PapersVIEW ALL [10]

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