NCERT solutions for Computer Science [English] Class 12 chapter 9 - Structured Query Language (SQL) [Latest edition]

Define RDBMS. Name any two RDBMS software.

What is the purpose of the following clause in a select statement?

ORDER BY

What is the purpose of the following clause in a select statement?

GROUP BY

Site any two differences between Single Row Functions and Aggregate Functions.

What do you understand by Cartesian Product?

Differentiate between the following statement:

ALTER and UPDATE

Differentiate between the following statement:

DELETE and DROP

Write the name of the functions to perform the following operation:

To display the day like “Monday”, and “Tuesday”, from the date when India got independence.

Write the name of the functions to perform the following operation:

To display the specified number of characters from a particular position of the given string.

Write the name of the functions to perform the following operation:

To display the name of the month in which you were born.

Write the name of the functions to perform the following operation:

To display your name in capital letters.

Write the output produced by the following SQL statement:

SELECT POW(2, 3);

Write the output produced by the following SQL statement:

SELECT ROUND(342.9234, -1);

Write the output produced by the following SQL statement:

SELECT LENGTH("Informatics Practices");

Write the output produced by the following SQL statement:

SELECT    YEAR(“1979/11/26”),
MONTH(“1979/11/26”),    DAY(“1979/11/26”), MONTHNAME(“1979/11/26”);

Write the output produced by the following SQL statement:

SELECT    LEFT("INDIA", 3),    RIGHT("Computer Science", 4),    MID("Informatics", 3, 4), SUBSTR("Practices", 3);

Consider the following MOVIE table and write the SQL query based on it.

1. Display all the information from the Movie table.
2. List business is done by the movies showing only MovieID, MovieName, and Total_Earning. Total_ Earning to be calculated as the sum of ProductionCost and BusinessCost.
3. List the different categories of movies.
4. Find the net profit of each movie showing its MovieID, MovieName, and NetProfit. Net Profit is to be calculated as the difference between Business Cost and Production Cost.
5. List MovieID, MovieName, and Cost for all movies with ProductionCost greater than 10,000 and less than 1,00,000.
6. List details of all movies which fall in the category of comedy or action.
7. List details of all movies which have not been released yet.

Suppose your school management has decided to conduct cricket matches between students of Class XI and Class XII. Students of each class are asked to join any one of the four teams – Team Titan, Team Rockers, Team Magnet, and Team Hurricane. During summer vacations, various matches will be conducted between these teams. Help your sports teacher to do the following:

1. Create a database “Sports”.
2. Create a table “TEAM” with the following considerations:
   i) It should have a column TeamID for storing an integer value between 1 to 9, which refers to the unique identification of a team.
   ii) Each TeamID should have its associated name (TeamName), which should be a string of length not less than 10 characters.
3. Using table level constraint, make TeamID the primary key.
4. Show the structure of the table TEAM using a SQL statement.
5. As per the preferences of the students four teams were formed as given below. Insert these four rows in the TEAM table:
   Row 1: (1, Team Titan)
   Row 2: (2, Team Rockers)
   Row 3: (3, Team Magnet)
   Row 3: (4, Team Hurricane)
6. Show the contents of the table TEAM using a DML statement.
7. Now create another table MATCH_DETAILS and insert data as shown below. Choose appropriate data types and constraints for each attribute.

Using the sports database containing two relations (TEAM, MATCH_DETAILS) and write the Query for the following:

1. Display the MatchID of all those matches where both teams have scored more than 70.
2. Display the MatchID of all those matches where FirstTeam has scored less than 70 but SecondTeam has scored more than 70.
3. Display the MatchID and date of matches played by Team 1 and won by it.
4. Display the MatchID of matches played by Team 2 and not won by it.
5. Change the name of the relation TEAM to T_DATA. Also, change the attributes TeamID and TeamName to T_ID and T_NAME respectively.

A shop called Wonderful Garments which sells school uniforms maintains a database SCHOOLUNIFORM as shown below. It consisted of two relations - UNIFORM and COST. They made UniformCode the primary key for UNIFORM relations. Further, they used UniformCode and Size to be composite keys for COSTrelation. By analyzing the database schema and database state, specify SQL queries to rectify the following anomalies.

1. M/S Wonderful Garments also keeps handkerchiefs of red colour, medium size of Rs. 100 each.
2. INSERT INTO COST (UCode, Size, Price) values (7, 'M', 100);
   When the above query is used to insert data, the values for the handkerchief without entering its details in the UNIFORM relation are entered. Make a provision so that the data can be entered in the COST table only if it is already there in the UNIFORM table.
3. Further, they should be able to assign a new UCode to an item only if it has a valid UName. Write a query to add appropriate constraints to the SCHOOLUNIFORM database.
4. Add the constraint so that the price of an item is always greater than zero.

Consider the following table named “Product”, showing details of products being sold in a grocery shop.

Write SQL queries for the following:

1. Create the table Product with appropriate data types and constraints.
2. Identify the primary key in the Product.
3. List the Product Code, Product Name, and price in descending order of their product name. If PName is the same, then display the data in ascending order of price.
4. Add a new column Discount to the table Product.
5. Calculate the value of the discount in the table Product as 10 percent of the UPrice for all those products where the UPrice is more than 100, otherwise, the discount will be 0.
6. Increase the price by 12 percent for all the products manufactured by Dove.
7. Display the total number of products manufactured by each manufacturer. Write the output(s) produced by executing the following queries on the basis of the information given above in the table Product:
8. SELECT PName, Average (UPrice) FROM Product GROUP BY Pname;
   i) SELECT DISTINCT Manufacturer FROM Product;
   j) SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT PName) FROM Product;
   k) SELECT PName, MAX(UPrice), MIN(UPrice) FROM Product GROUP BY PName;

Using the CARSHOWROOM database given in the chapter, write the SQL queries for the following:

1. Add a new column Discount in the INVENTORY table.
2. Set appropriate discount values for all cars keeping in mind the following:
   (i) No discount is available on the LXI model.
   (ii) VXI model gives a 10 percent discount.
   (iii) A 12 percent discount is given on cars other than the LXI model and VXI model.
3. Display the name of the costliest car with the fuel type “Petrol”.
4. Calculate the average discount and total discount available on Baleno cars.
5. List the total number of cars having no discount.