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Questions
Analyze three major developments towards the end of the 1980s that made a long-lasting impact on the politics of India.
Describe any three major developments in Indian politics since 1989.
Solution
The Main developments during the end of the 1980s that had a long-lasting impact on the politics of India are as follows:
- End of Congress System: The main development was the end of the dominance of Congress that lasted for two decades as the party was defeated in the 1989 elections. Though the party came back in power in 1991 after Sh. Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination but it lost its dominance of the political scene earlier.
- Mandal issue: This issue started with the National Front government that recommended its implementation in 1990 which was the reservation of 27% of jobs in the Central Government for OBC candidates only. This brought widespread anger and played a crucial role in shaping politics since 1989.
- New Economic Reforms: These were announced as the structural adjustment program that was initiated by Sh. Rajiv Gandhi but were more visible under Sh. Narasimha Rao’s tenure from 1991. They opened up the country’s economy to the world and improved our foreign reserves and successive governments have continued to broadly follow them.
- The assassination of Sh. Rajiv Gandhi: He was assassinated during an election rally in Tamil Nadu by the LTTE group. The elections of 1991 saw Congress emerge as the largest party after this and Sh. Narasimha Rao was appointed as the Prime Minister.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Read the passage and answer the questions below:
Party politics in India has confronted numerous challenges. Not only has the Congress system destroyed itself, but the fragmentation of the Congress coalition has triggered a new emphasis on self-representation which raises questions about the party system and its capacity to accommodate diverse interest,…. An important test facing the polity is to evolve a party system or political parties that can effectively articulate and aggregate a variety of interests. —Zoya Hasan
- Write a short note on what the author calls challenges of the party system in the light of what you have read in this chapter.
- Given an example from this chapter of the lack of accommodation and aggregation mentioned in this passage.
- Why is it necessary for parties to accommodate and aggregate variety of interests?
The single largest party in the 1996 parliamentary elections was ______
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in the year ______
Which party pursued the politics of ‘Hindutva’ and adopted the strategy of mobilizing the Hindus?
As the decade of the eighties came to a close, the country witnessed five developments that were to make a long-lasting impact on our politics. Which of the followings is a few of them?
- First, the most crucial development of this period was the defeat of the Congress party in the elections held in 1989.
- The second development was the rise of the 'Mandal issue' in national politics.
- Third, the economic policy followed by the various governments took a radically different furn.
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in the year.
Match the following.
| List 1 | List 2 | ||
| A. | First Democratic Upsurge | 1. | 1980's |
| B. | Second Democratic Upsurge | 2. | 1990's |
| C. | Third Democratic Upsurge | 3. | 1950's to 1970's |
While throwing some light on the Mandal Issue, give one reason for anti-Mandal protests in India.
Highlight any three issues that affected Indian politics after 1989.
Highlight any three factors that are responsible for the rise of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) as a strong political party after 1991.
What was the time period of 'First Democratic Upsurge' in India?
