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Question
Answer in 100-150 words.
How Did the Paharias Respond to the Coming of Outsiders?
Solution
When outsiders arrived, the Paharias, a tribal group residing in the Rajmahal Hills (modern-day Jharkhand, India), reacted by isolating themselves and fighting. They lived a simple life, depending on hunting, gathering, and shifting cultivation.
- Avoiding Contact: The Paharias preferred living in hills and woodlands, avoiding close contact with other people.
- Raiding Plains: The Paharias raided plains villages and marketplaces as foreigners, including settlers, zamindars, and British officials, started to develop on their territory.
- Conflict with the British: The Paharias resisted the British attempts to increase revenue collection, which resulted in regular fights.
- Eventual Decline: Decline Over time, the British weakened the position of the Paharia by using military force and encouraging the Santals, another tribal group, to settle in Paharia territories.
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Answer in 100-150 Words
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| (i) | cutcheries | (a) | peasant |
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From the Fifth Reports Referring to the condition of zamindars and the auction of lands, the Fifth Report stated: The revenue was not realised with punctuality, and lands to a considerable extent were periodically exposed to sale by auction. In the native year 1203, corresponding with 1796-97, the land advertised for sale comprehended a jumma or assessment of sicca rupees 28,70,061, the extent of land actually sold bore a jumma or assessment of 14,18,756, and the amount of purchase money sicca rupees 17,90,416. In 1204, corresponding with 1797-98, the land advertised was for sicca rupees 26,66,191, the quantity sold was for sicca rupees 22,74,076, and the purchase money sicca rupees 21,47,580. Among the defaulters were some of the oldest families of the country. Such were the rajahs of Nuddea, Rajeshaye, Bishenpore (all districts of Bengal), … and others, the dismemberment of whose estates at the end of each succeeding year, threatened them with poverty and ruin, and in some instances presented difficulties to the revenue officers, in their efforts to preserve undiminished the amount of public assessment. |
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|
With reference to the role of the British officers in India, match Column-B with column-A, by using the codes given below.
| Column-A | Column-B |
| A. Lord Cornwallis | 1. Observer |
| B. Augustus Cleveland | 2. Economist |
| C. Francis Buchanan | 3. Governor General of Benga |
| D. David Ricardo | 4. Policy of Pacification |
