Question

Answer in detail.

Describe the rise and growth of nationalist politics in South Africa.

Answer 1

1. The two main political parties in South Africa were:
   • (a) The Unionist party which was mainly British and
   • (b) The South Africa party which had mainly Afrikaners (or) Boers.
2. Botha was the first Prime Minister who belonged to the South African party ruled in co-operation with the British.
3. But, the militant section of the South African party formed the National party under Herzog.
4. In 1912, The African national Congress was formed by Nelson Mandela. But it was banned, and he was put into prison for 27 years.
5. In 1920 elections, the National Party won, with 44 seats.
6. Herzog wanted a twin policy of supremacy of Whites over the Blacks and Afrikaners over British.
7. The South African party was led by smuts, secured 41 seats.
8. At this moment, the Unionist party and the South African party merged together. Therefore, Smuts gained majority over the National party.
9. In 1924 elections, the National party won supported by the Labour Movement, (composed of white miners)
10. The Act passed in 1924 prevented blacks from joining trade Unions. Native blacks suffered in Social, Political and Economic spheres.
11. The Great Economic depression brought sufferings to South Africa, therefore, the South African party and the Nationalist party unite in 1934. This smuts-Herzog alliance lasted till 1939.
12. Herzog resigned when the parliament decided in favour of second world war.
13. Smuts continued as prime minister. When Herzog died, many from that party joined the nationalist.
14. Therefore, in 1948, election Reunified National party won over United party.