Question

Answer the following in detail:

Explain the measures taken by the government to reduce unemployment.

Answer 1

The measures taken by the government to reduce unemployment are as follows:

1. Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS): Employment Guarantee Scheme was first introduced by the Government of Maharashtra on 28th March 1972. This scheme was intended to provide productive employment to the rural population and thereby solve the problem of rural unemployment and poverty. Under this scheme, the government assures to provide minimum employment opportunities. Due to its success in Maharashtra, EGS was implemented in other states as well.
2. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): This scheme was launched in April 1999 after restructuring the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and allied schemes. It is the only self-employment scheme for the rural poor in India.
3. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY): This scheme was launched in December 1997. It provides employment to the urban unemployed and underemployed. It included self-employment, women self-employment program, skill training for employment promotion, and urban wage employment Programme. For this scheme, the Central Government shares 75% of the cost and the State Government shares 25% of the cost.
4. Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): this scheme is being implemented since 1993.it aims at creating and providing sustainable self-employment opportunities to more than one million educated unemployed youth.
5. Training Rural Youth for Self-employment (TRYSEM): It was initiated in 1979 with the objective of tackling the unemployment problem among the rural youth. It aimed at training about 2 lakh rural youth every year to enable them to become self-employed. TRYSEM was merged into Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana in April 1999.
6. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY): On 1st April 1989, the Government announced a new wage employment scheme, the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana for intensive employment creation in 120 backward districts. It was restricted to rural areas. With effect from April 1999, it was renamed as Jawahar Gram Samrudhi Yojana (JGSY).
7. Mahatma Gandhi a National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): Since 2nd October 2009, National Rural 31 Employment Guarantee Scheme has been renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. This scheme provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to at least one member of every rural household whose adult member volunteers to do unskilled manual work.
8. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kausalya Yojana 2014: it is the most important placement linked skill training program under the ministry of rural development announced on September 23, 2014. The aim of this scheme is to reduce poverty as well as provide gainful and sustainable employment through regular wages. The focus of this program is on the rural youth from families, in the age group of 15-35 years.
9. National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015: The first National policy on skill development was notified in 2009 to promote private sector participation Via innovative funding models.
   The objective of this scheme is to co-ordinate and strengthen factors essential for the growth of entrepreneurship across the country. This would include:
   1. Promote entrepreneurship culture.
   2. Encourage entrepreneurship as a viable career
   option through advocacy.
   3. Promote entrepreneurship among women.
10. Start-up India Initiative: It was introduced in January 2016 with an aspiration to impart more strength and inspiration to the talented young generation of India to do something new for India and humanity.
11. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (2016-20): The objective of this scheme is to encourage skill development among youth by providing monetary rewards for successful completion of approved training programs. The government has allocated a budget of 12,000 crores till 2020 for the implementation of the scheme.