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Question
Answer the following question briefly.
Narrate indicators of psychological disorders.
Solution
According to DSM-5, there are five criteria (indicators) for psychological disorders.
(i) Clinically significant syndrome - In psychological disorders, there should be a cluster of symptoms together i.e., a syndrome.
(ii) Distress and Impairment - There should be distress, i.e., psychological pain due to negative feelings and stress, as well as impairment, i.e., inability to perform appropriate roles in personal and social situations.
(iii) Dysfunction - If the symptoms lead to developmental or psychological dysfunctions, it signifies mental disorders.
(iv) Responses to stressors that are normally accepted responses e.g., sadness experienced at the loss of a loved one or culturally sanctioned responses are not considered as signs of mental disorders.
(v) Behaviour which is only deviant but does not produce any disability/ distress/ dysfunction does not become a sign of mental disorder.
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| 'My story about work-related stress' |
|
Looking back on my life, I recognize that I have always struggled with anxiety. In relationships, friendships or at work. However, I misunderstood those feelings for a long time, thinking that my hyper vigilance was a positive thing which made me more productive and in-tune with others. I remember a badge I bought for myself in my early 20s which I had on my desk at work. It said “I thrive on stress. Please hassle me.” I was always on the go, feeling like I had an edge that motivated me. The truth was that I felt anxious almost all the time. I worked in the same organization for over 20 years. I loved managing my small team of staff and felt that I thrived on the stress of work. I was in a job which I perceived to be rewarding and stressful in equal measure. I was the problem solver, the one to volunteer for any task. I worked extra hours and felt a great sense of responsibility in my role. However, in early 2012, I began to struggle to manage the stress of my job. Thoughts and worries about work seeped into every part of my life. I would wake up at night with palpitations, worrying about a task I had not completed, or trying to remember if I had sent an urgent email. I found that my mind wandered to work whilst I was spending time with my family. I withdrew from friends as I didn’t have the headspace to switch off and relax. |
- “I thrive on stress. Please hassle me.” Explain the type of stress being referred to here.
- “Thoughts and worries about work seeped into every part of my life. I would wake up at night with palpitations, worrying about a task I had not completed, or trying to remember if I had sent an urgent email. I found that my mind wandered to work whilst I was spending time with my family.” Suggest and explain two stress management techniques that the writer could use.
