Question

Answer the following question in detail.

Write about the beginning of urbanisation in the neolithic age.

Answer 1

1. After settling down at one place for a long time, a feeling of ownership arose among neolithic people.
2. This feeling was focused on their individual dwellings and the piece of land cultivated by them.
3. With social organisation and administration, the villages expanded.
4. Along with it, awareness of collective landholdings and the village boundaries became prominent.
5. It was thus felt that the village community had a natural right over the immediate territory around the village periphery.
6. This kind of awareness of natural right over a particular region is known as 'territoriality'.
7. Rules and norms were created to manage the collective resources, water sources, crafts dependent on it, trade and community life etc. Consequently, rituals and their details gained importance.
8. The need for managing and keeping records of trade, rituals, writing, systems and administrative machinery developed.
9. It gave rise to administrative centres. Such administrative centres attract a large number of population which includes officials, people from various occupations.