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Question
Answer the following question in one or two words/ sentences :
What happened to the Abbasid Caliphate by the 9th century CE?
Solution
By the end of the 9th century CE. The once-mighty Abbasid empire disintegrated into a number of independent states ruled by the Turks who had earlier served in the armies of the Caliphs.
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Balban made the monarchy weak and dependent on the nobles.
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What did Mahmud do with the vast treasures he had looted from India?
