Question

Explain the Big Five Factors Model of Personality.
Points:

1. Neuroticism
2. Extroversion
3. Openness to experience
4. Agreeableness
5. Conscientiousness

Answer 1

The word personality is derived from the Latin word 'persona' which was used to refer to masks worn by actors during a stage performance, Thus, the meaning of personality was interpreted as 'projected behaviour' of an individual.

According to Gordon Allport, "Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determines his unique adjustments to the environment."

According to Norman Munn, "Personality is a unique combination of individual's physical structure, needs, interests, abilities, and aptitudes The Five-Factor Model of or Big Five Personality theory, based on the trait perspective proposed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. The five broad t.rait, factors are - (i) Neuroticism (ii) Extroversion (iii) Openness to Experience (iv) Agreeableness (v) Conscientiousness

1. Neuroticism- It refers to a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, or depression more intensely and for longer periods than normally experienced by others. Those who score high on neuroticism tend to be irritable, fearful, emotionally unstable, and interpret ordinary situations as threatening and hopeless. People who score low in neuroticism are less emotionally reactive and hence tend to be calmer, emotionally stable, and experience more positive feelings.
2. Extroversion - Extroversion is marked by pronounced engagement with the external world. People high on this trait are assertive, talkative, sociable, enthusiastic, etc. Individuals showing low extroversion tend to be shy, reserved, lack the activity levels of extroverts. They are low-key and disengaged from the social world.
3. Openness to Experience - People who are open to experience are intellectually curious imaginative, appreciative of art, sensitive to beauty. They sometimes tend to think and act in nonconforming, adventurous ways. Individuals who score low on openness to experience tend to be conventional, resistant to change, and prefer familiarity and routine. They may lack creativity and aesthetic sense.
4. Agreeableness - It refers to the ability of a person to get along with others and show concern for social harmony. People high on this trait tend to be friendly, cooperative, generous, and believe that people are basically decent and trustworthy. Persons low on agreeableness tend to be uncooperative, suspicious, even hostile, and jealous.
5. Conscientiousness - It concerns the way in which people control, regulate, and direct their impulses. People high in conscientiousness are hardworking, disciplined, responsible, dependable, etc, while those low on conscientiousness tend to be careless, unorganised, spontaneous, undisciplined, etc.