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Question
Answer the following questions:
What factors are responsible for the development of various patterns in the settlement? Give examples.
Solution
- Patterns of settlements are affected by various physical factors like relief, soils, climate, availability of water supply, etc.
- Physical factors influence the type and spacing of settlements, which results in various patterns of settlements.
- Type of soil and soil quality are two important factors affecting rural settlements.
- Fertile plains and valleys have thick, rich and fertile alluvial soil supporting agriculture, so nucleated settlements develop in these areas. For example, most of the villages in the Ganga plains have nucleated settlements.
- Settlements develop as per the relief of that area. For example, Foothill settlements develop at the foot of the mountain, and hilltop settlements develop at the top of the hill. For example, hilltop settlement at Shimla or Manali.
- In mountainous or hilly relief areas, there are dispersed or isolated settlements due to inaccessibility. For example, dispersed or isolated settlements in the Himalayan mountains.
- Sometimes settlements develop along the coastline, canal, river, road, or railway line. They are in a straight line; they are called linear settlements. For example, settlements along the Konkan coastline and the Mumbai-Pune road.
- Climate also affects the development of settlements. People avoid areas of extreme climate. Therefore, such areas have dispersed settlements.
For example, due to the extremely hot climate, there are dispersed settlements in Rajasthan, and due to the extremely cold climate, there are isolated settlements in the polar regions. - Water is essential for human development. Therefore, many settlements develop around lakes or natural tanks, which are circular settlements.
- Sometimes settlements develop at the confluence of two rivers, the settlements grow on all three sides, and they are triangular settlements. For example, Karad town is on the confluence of Krishna and Koyna rivers.
- Sometimes, settlements grow around the mines or any central object. This centre point provides a source of livelihood for the people. Thus, the radial pattern of settlement develops. For example, radial settlements around coal mines in the State of Bihar.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Differentiate between:
Radial Pattern and Circular Pattern
Draw a neat and well-labeled diagram for:
Radial settlement
Read the given passage and answer the following questions:
Different types of human settlements include hamlets, villages, small towns, large towns, isolated places, cities, and conurbations. In some systems, types of human settlements are broken up into urban, suburban, and rural; for example, the U.S. Census Bureau divides settlements into urban or rural categories based on precise definitions. Small settlements, such as hamlets and villages, have low populations and restricted access to services. Larger types of settlements, such as cities, have higher populations, higher densities, and greater access to services. For example, a village may have only one or two general stores, while a large metropolis may have many specialized stores and chain stores. These differences are known as low-order service settlements and high-order service settlements. Larger settlements also have a sphere of influence affecting surrounding settlements. Settlements may also be divided by the site chosen, such as sites selected based on resources, trading points, defensive sites, shelter, and relationship to water resources. The functions of human settlements also differ, as settlements may be established as ports, market towns, and resorts. Types of rural settlements may also be classified by function, such as proximity to farming, fishing, and mining. Settlements that focus on one economic activity are called single functional settlements. Human settlements may be permanent or temporary. For example, a refugee camp is a temporary settlement, while a city is a permanent settlement.
1) Which human settlements are mentioned in the passage above?
2) On what basis are urban and rural areas classified?
3) What are the functions carried out in rural settlements?
4) Explain the difference between low-order service and high-order service settlements.
Identify the correct group
Political factors affecting on the location of settlement:
Identify the correct group.
Types of settlements according to population.
Identify the correct group
Types of settlements according to pattern:
State whether right or wrong:
Settlements are divided into rural and urban types.
State whether right or wrong:
Rectangular settlements are found on the bank of the confluence of two rivers or roads or on the coastline.
Give geographical reason:
Houses are built as per convenience in pattern less settlement.
Give geographical reasons.
House are closely spaced in circular pattern.
