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Question
Briefly discuss the importance of chromosomes to an organism
Solution
The most important feature of a living cell is that it can divide or reproduce of its own kind and this function is regulated by the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus in its nucleoplasm contain a network of dark stained thread like structures called chromatin fibres. These fibres during cell division become thick and ribbon like which are then called chromosomes. The chromosomes are the actual hereditary factors. These are unique for each species both in number and in character.
The human body has 46 chromosomes which occur in pairs. They are further categorised as:
- Chromosomes specific for determining the sex of the species called the sex chromosomes.
- Other chromosomes are called autosomes.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Complete the crossword with the help of clues given below.
Across
1. This is necessary for photosynthesis.
3. Term for component present in the cytoplasm.
6. The living substance in the cell.
8. Units of inheritance present on the chromosomes.
Down
1. Green plastids.
2. Formed by collection of tissues.
4. It separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding medium.
5. Empty structure in the cytoplasm.
7. A group of cells.
What would have happened? If.........
There had been no differences between mitochondria and plastids.
How many chromosome pairs are found in human cells?
Match the item in column 'A' with those in column 'B'.
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Vacuoles | (i) Intracellular digestion |
| (b) Nucleolus | (ii) Respiratory enzymes |
| (c) Lysosomes | (iii) Covered by tonoplast |
| (d) Anthocyanin | (iv) Dissolved in the cytoplasm |
| (e) Cristae | (v) Forms RNA |
Fill in the blanks :
_______ are hereditary units.
Distinguish between the following pairs of terms :
Centrosome and chromosome
State the major function of the following :
Lysosomes
Give one main function of the following:
Chromosomes
Identify the cellular structure with the help of the following clue:
A non-living rigid layer surrounding the plasma membrane.
Name the following:
The part of cytoplasm which is devoid of the organelles.
