Question

Describe survey design in brief.

Answer 1

From a functional point of view, field surveys are designed in the following steps:

1. Defining the Problem: The problem to be studied should be defined precisely. It can be achieved by way of statements indicating the nature of the problem. It should also be clear through the title and sub-title of the topic of the survey.
2. Objectives: A further specification of the survey is done by listing the objectives. Objectives provide an outline of the survey and in accordance with these, suitable tools of acquisition of data and methods of analysis will be chosen.
3. Scope: Scope of survey needs to be delimited in terms of the geographical area to be covered, time framework of enquiry and if required themes of studies to be covered. This multi-dimensional delimitation of the study is essential in relation to fulfilment of the predefined objectives and limitations of the analysis, inferences, and their applicability.
4. Tools and Techniques: A field survey is basically conducted to collect. information about the chosen problem for which varied types of tools are required. These include secondary information including maps and other data, field observation, data generated by interviewing people through questionnaires.
5. Compilation and Computation: The surveyor needs to organise the information of varied types collected during the fieldwork for their meaningful interpretation and analysis to achieve the set objectives. Notes, field sketches, photographs, case studies, etc. are first organized according to sub-themes of the study. Similarly, questionnaire and schedule based information should be tabulated either on a master sheet or on the spreadsheet
6. Cartographic Applications: Different methods of mapping and drawing of diagrams and graphs and also use of computer in drawing them neatly and accurately. For getting visual impressions of variations in the phenomena, diagrams and graphs are very effective tools. Therefore, the description and analysis should be duly supported by these presentations.
7. Conclusion: At the end, a report is prepared. On the basis of the report, we can provide a summary of the investigation.