Question

Describe the major political changes.

Answer 1

1. The expansion of the Chola empire from the time of Rajaraja eclipsed the Pandyan and Pallava kingdoms, extending north till Orissa.
2. From the twelfth century, the beginning of several centuries of Muslim rule in Delhi, extending throughout North India, and the spread of Islam to different parts of the country.
3. By the end of the 13th century the eclipse of the great empire of the Cholas and the consequent rise of many religious kingdoms in South India. This ultimately culminated in the rise of the Vijayanagar empire which exercised authority over all of South India and came to be considered the bastion of religious rule in the south.
4. The consolidation of Muslim rule under the Mughals in the north, beginning in 1526 A.D. (C.E.) with the defeat of the Ibrahim Lodi by Babur. At its height, the Mughal empire stretched from Kabul to Gujarat to Bengal, from Kashmir to South India.
5. The coming of the Europeans, beginning with the Portuguese who arrived on the west coast of India in 1498.