Question

Discuss the Evolution of marketing.

Answer 1

1. Barter system:
   Before the invention of money, goods were exchanged for goods.
2. Production orientation:
   a. Producers more cared about the mass production of goods for the purpose of profit.
   b. They cared very little about the customers.
3. Sales orientation:
   a. The stage witnessed a major change in all the spheres of economic life.
   b. Sales become the dominant factor, neglect consumer needs, and satisfaction.
4. Marketing orientation:
   Customer’s importance was realized, but only as a means of disposing of goods aggressive advertising is used to compete for the stiff competition.
5. Consumer orientation:
   Under this stage, only such products are brought forward to the market which is capable of satisfying the tastes, preferences, and expectations of consumer satisfaction.
6. Management orientation:
   It assumes a managerial role to coordinate the business activities with the objective of planning, promoting, and services to the present and potential consumers.