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Question
Discuss any five factors that have brought a change in this form of family.
Answer in Brief
Solution
The reasons for the disintegration of the joint family are:
- Industrialization: People moved from rural to urban areas in search of employment and a better quality of life as a result of industrialization, breaking their bonds with joint families in the process. As a result, modern businesses completely destroyed the joint family structure in India.
- Urbanization: Nuclear families have become more prevalent as a result of urbanization because urban dwellers prefer them. Urbanization has made privacy and individuality very important, which encourages the development of distinct family units.
- Changes to the Marriage System: The age at which individuals tie the knot, the degree of autonomy they have in selecting a spouse, and shifts in public perceptions of marriage have all influenced the structure of the joint family. The head of the family now has fewer and fewer choices when it comes to marriage partners.
- Decline of agriculture and village trade: In the past, India's joint family structure thrived when village trade and agriculture were strong. The village craftsmen's products can no longer compete with factory-made goods in terms of price or quality as factories have been built. The village's industries consequently suffer losses and finally close.
- The influence of the West: The family is no longer regarded as a sacred institution, but rather as a partnership, much like the West. Our views on family dynamics have evolved, especially with regard to young men and women. Indian culture has been profoundly impacted by individualism.
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| The present study…deals with a Muslim biradri (community) called the Multani Lohars. ... Karkhanedar is a vernacular term used for a person engaged in the business of manufacturing of which he is generally the owner…The karkhanas under study operate in domestic conditions and, therefore, have certain pervasive effects on the life of the karkhanedars who work in them. …The following case illustrates this. Mahmood, aged forty years, was living with his two younger brothers, one of whom was married. He had three children and was the head of the complex household. …All the three brothers were employed in various karkhanas and factories as skilled workers. Mahmood successfully fabricated replica of a motor part the import of which had been banned. This greatly encouraged him to start his own karkhana…Later it was decided that two karkhanas should be set up to manufacture the motor part. One was to be owned by the two elder brothers, and the other by the youngest, provided he set up a separate household. Rasheed set up an independent household, consisting of his wife and unmarried children. Therefore, one complex household, comprising three married brothers, gave birth to a simple household as a result of new entrepreneurial opportunities. Excerpted from S.M. Akram Rizvi, ‘Kinship and Industry among the Muslim Karkhanedars in Delhi’, in Imtiaz Ahmad, ed. Family, Kinship and Marriage among Muslims in India, New Delhi, Manohar, 1976, pp. 27- 48. |
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Briefly explain the term joint family.
