Question

Discuss the causes and consequences of the Indio-Pak war of 1965.

Answer 1

The Indo-Pak War of 1965 was the culmination of a series of disputes between India and Pakistan.
Causes:
Partition of India: The partition of India even led to a dispute over the sharing of river waters. The water of nearly all the rivers – Indus, Chenab, Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi flowed from India. In 1948 India stopped the water of these rivers.

Indus Water Treaty Dispute: A dispute ensued and the Indus Water Treaty of 1960 was signed between Nehru and Ayub Khan. After this Pakistan was to use waters of Jhelum, Chenab, and Indus while India was to use the waters of Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi.

The dispute over Border: The boundary commission tried to settle the border dispute. A dispute ensued over Rann of Kutch in 1965. Pakistan attacked near the Kutch border. India referred the dispute to the UN. Seeing this as India’s weakness, Pakistan tried to outrage Kashmir. On 5th August 1965 Pakistan. stationed troops along the LOC.
Consequences:
The defeat of Pakistan: The war began following Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate irregular “Jihadi” forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against the rule by India. Pakistan faced a shameful defeat in the war.

Tashkent Declaration: War ended in a United Nations-mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration.

The attitude of Pakistan: At the conclusion of the War, many Pakistanis considered the performance of their military to be positive. 6th September is celebrated as Defence Day in Pakistan, in commemoration of the successful defence of Lahore against the Indian Army.

1. After the Tashkent declaration the two nations got disillusioned and Z. A. Bhutto, Pakistani’s premier said that the Hindu Culture was determined to devour Islamic Culture.
2. Pakistan showed hard postures to solve the Kashmir dispute.
3. Pakistan allowed China to use the road in Gilgit, an area of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
4. Disputes even emerged over the use of Ganga waters and construction of Farakka barrage.
5. With this, the relations between the two countries further reached its lowest level in 1971, which resulted in the emergence of a civil war in East Pakistan.