Question

Discuss the following with reference to the Indian Parliament:

Relative positions of both the Houses.

Answer 1

The two houses of India's Parliament are the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), with separate functions, powers and posts. Their relative positions can be discerned through their powers and functions:

1. Legislative Powers: Both houses have identical legislative powers, with a few exceptions. However, money legislation can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha cannot alter or reject these measures, but it can make recommendations. The Lok Sabha may adopt or reject these proposals. Other legislation needs both houses to approve before it can become law.
2. Financial Powers: The Lok Sabha wields more considerable financial power. The budget is introduced first in the Lok Sabha and has the final word on financial issues.
3. Executive Powers: The Council of Ministers reports to the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha. To remain in power, the government must keep the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
4. Special Powers: The Rajya Sabha alone has the authority to declare any subject on the State List to be of national concern by enacting a resolution with a two-thirds majority. Additionally, Article 312 empowers the Rajya Sabha to establish new All-India Services. These unique constitutional characteristics make the Rajya Sabha a key component of India's legislative architecture.

In general, the Lok Sabha is more influential in financial matters and government formation, but the Rajya Sabha wields significant power, particularly in non-financial legislation and protecting state interests. They work together to establish a balance between the people's voice and state representation in India's federal structure.