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Question
Distinguish between the following:
Road transport and Water transport
Solution
| Basis of Difference | Road Transport | Water Transport |
| Speed | Road transport has limited speed due to bad road conditions, accidents, etc. | It is the slowest mode of transport. |
| Carrying capacity | It has limited carrying capacity. | It has a very huge carrying capacity. |
| Cost of construction and maintenance | It requires limited capital investment in terms of the construction of roads, vehicles and their maintenance. | It uses waterways, which are natural highways, and hence there is no cost involved. However, there is a high cost involved for the construction of ships and ports. |
| Distance | Recommended for short distances. | Suitable for long distances, especially across countries and continents. |
| Transport charges | Transport charges are not fixed but are high due to increased fuel prices. | Transport charges are lowest. |
| Door-to-door service | It provides door-to-door service. | It is suitable for transporting very heavy goods and machinery in large quantities to any part of the world. |
| Means of transport | It uses animal’s carts, three- and four-wheelers. | It uses boats, big ships, liners, tankers, etc. |
| Ownership | Ownership is in the hands of private parties. | It is owned by both the private sector as well as the public sector. |
| Safety | It provides limited safety to goods from sun, rain, wind, etc. | Goods are safe as they are specially packed. |
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|
Road transport is the most economical for short distances compared to railways. Freight transport by road is gaining importance because it offers door-to-door service. But unmetalled roads, though simple in construction, are not effective and serviceable for all seasons. During the rainy season these become unmotorable and even the metalled ones are seriously handicapped during heavy rains and floods. In such conditions, the high embankment of rail-tracks and the efficient maintenance of railway transport service, is an effective solution. But the rail kilometrage being small cannot serve the needs of vast and developing countries at a low cost. Roads, therefore, play a vital role in a nation’s trade and commerce and for promoting tourism. The quality of the roads varies greatly between developed and developing countries because road construction and maintenance require heavy expenditure. In developed countries good quality roads are universal and provide long-distance links in the form of motorways, autobahns (Germany), and inter–state highways for speedy movement. Lorries, of increasing size and power to carry heavy loads, are common. But unfortunately, the world’s road system is not well developed. The world’s total motorable road length is only about 15 million km, of which North America accounts for 33 percent. The highest road density and the highest number of vehicles are registered in this continent compared to Western Europe. |
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