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Question
Distinguish by a chemical test sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution.
Solution 1
These salts can be distinguished by using metal cations like calcium. When we add calcium salt to sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide, then a white curdy ppt. is formed only in the case of sodium hydroxide.
Solution 2
With Sodium Hydroxide solution Ca(NO3)2 sol. gives a fine, milky white precipitate of Ca(OH)2 which is insoluble in excess of NaOH.
\[\ce{Ca[NO3] + 2NaOH -> \underset{milky white ppt}{2NaNO3} + Ca[OH]2\downarrow}\]
Whereas Ammonium Hydroxide solution with calcium nitrate solution Ca[NO3]2 has no reaction.
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