Question

Elucidate the different types of land tenure system in colonial India.

Answer 1

The three types of land tenure systems are Zamindari, Mahalwari, and Ryotwari systems.

1. Zamindari system or the land – lords: This system was created in 1793, after the introduction of the permanent settlement act. Under this system, the landlords were declared as the owners of the land. They were responsible to pay the land revenue. The share of the rent to the government is fixed at 10/11th and the balance as zamindar’s remuneration.
2. Mahalwari system or communal farming: The ownership of the land was maintained by the collective body of villagers which served as a unit of management. They distribute the land and collect revenue and pay it to the state.
3. Ryotwari or the owner–cultivator system: The ownership rights of use and control of land were held by the tiller himself.