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Question
Explain any four features of family as given by MacIver.
Solution
- Universality: Family is the most basic universal social unit. All cultures all over the world have this institution. There is no substitute for family. The world has seen many changes in civilizations, but the institution of family has remained constant.
- Emotional basis: A family integrates all the members emotionally. Affection, mutual cooperation and blood ties keep the family together. This bond ensures proper cultural transmission.
- Educative role: Early education begins with the family. It helps develop an individual’s personality and makes him/her internalise social behaviour. The family guides and nurtures the individuals in their first lessons of love, respect, cooperation, normative behaviour and social customs.
- Limited size: Since the size of the modern family is limited, communication is better and keeps the family closely knit.
- Nuclear position: The family is the nucleus around which an individual’s life revolves. It is an individual’s most important primary group.
- Sense of responsibility: It allocates a duty to each family member. There are defined roles for all members with expectations from each one.
- Social regulation: A family acts as a social agent and trains the members in socially acceptable behaviour. The social regulations and restrictions set by the family enable members to behave in a socially useful manner.
- Persistence and change: The form and structure of the family has been changing with time. It has changed with evolving times. As a unit, however it has continued to exist.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.
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| The present study…deals with a Muslim biradri (community) called the Multani Lohars. ... Karkhanedar is a vernacular term used for a person engaged in the business of manufacturing of which he is generally the owner…The karkhanas under study operate in domestic conditions and, therefore, have certain pervasive effects on the life of the karkhanedars who work in them. …The following case illustrates this. Mahmood, aged forty years, was living with his two younger brothers, one of whom was married. He had three children and was the head of the complex household. …All the three brothers were employed in various karkhanas and factories as skilled workers. Mahmood successfully fabricated replica of a motor part the import of which had been banned. This greatly encouraged him to start his own karkhana…Later it was decided that two karkhanas should be set up to manufacture the motor part. One was to be owned by the two elder brothers, and the other by the youngest, provided he set up a separate household. Rasheed set up an independent household, consisting of his wife and unmarried children. Therefore, one complex household, comprising three married brothers, gave birth to a simple household as a result of new entrepreneurial opportunities. Excerpted from S.M. Akram Rizvi, ‘Kinship and Industry among the Muslim Karkhanedars in Delhi’, in Imtiaz Ahmad, ed. Family, Kinship and Marriage among Muslims in India, New Delhi, Manohar, 1976, pp. 27- 48. |
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