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Question
Explain briefly how hydrogen is manufactured on a large scale, from steam.
Solution
Manufacture of H2 from steam:
From natural gas: Natural gas is obtained from petroleum wells and consists mainly CH4 (methane). It is mixed with steam at 30 atm. and passed over heated nickel 800°C, when water gas is formed.
\[\ce{CH4 + H2O (steam)->[Ni][800°C]\underset{\text{(water gas)}}{[CO + 3H2]}}\]
Separation of CO: The gaseous mixture of [CO and H2] is passed through ammonical cuprous chloride solution in order to dissolve uncombined CO.
\[\ce{CuCl + CO + 2H2O -> CuCl.CO.2H2O}\]
Thus hydrogen gas is left over.
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