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Question
Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.
Solution
Various types of errors can occur while taking measurements. These are as follows:
- Instrumental errors: These errors arise when the instrument used for measurement has become faulty. For example, a ruler with a rough and broken edge can cause instrumental error.
- Observational errors: These errors arise when the reading in the instrument is noted incorrectly. These can also arise if the instrument is used in an incorrect manner. For example, if the tip of the pencil does not coincide with zero of the scale, then we will get an error in the measurement of the length of the pencil.
- Theoretical errors: These are caused by simplification of the model system. For example, if a theory states that the temperature of the system surrounding it will not change the readings taken when it actually does, then this factor will begin a source of error in measurement.
- Environmental errors: These errors arises due to the instruments working getting affected due to some environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, etc.
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