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Question
Explain the role of any three abiotic factors affecting the environment.
Solution
The abiotic factors of an ecosystem are temperature, water, light and soil.
i. Temperature:
- It is considered the most ecologically relevant environmental factor.
- Average temperature on land varies from subzero levels in polar areas and high altitudes, upto 50ºC in tropical deserts in summer.
ii. Water:
- Availability of water is an important factor affecting the organisms. The productivity and distribution of plants are also dependent on availability of water.
- Chemical composition, temperature and pH of the water are some important factors for the survival of aquatic organisms.
iii. Light:
- Sunlight is only source of energy for the entire ecosystem. Plants use light to perform photosynthesis.
- Many species of small plants (herbs and shrubs) growing on forest floor are adapted to perform photosynthesis optimally under very low light conditions because they are constantly overshadowed by tall trees.
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