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Question
Give a chemical test to distinguish between dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid, (using lead nitrate solution).
Solution 1
Sulphuric acid precipitates the insoluble sulphate from lead nitrate solution.
\[\ce{Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 -> PbSO4 + 2HNO3}\]
Lead nitrate reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a white ppt. of lead chloride.
\[\ce{Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl -> PbCl2 + 2HNO3}\]
Solution 2
Bring a glass rod dipped in ammonia solution near the mouth of each test tube containing dil. \[\ce{HCl}\] and dil. \[\ce{H2SO4}\] each.
The dil. \[\ce{HCl}\] gives white fumes of ammonium chloride.
The dil. \[\ce{H2SO4}\] has no such fumes.
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