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Question
Give two causes and two symptoms of the following:
Antisocial personality disorder.
Solution
Anti-social Personality Disorder- Symptoms- (According to DSM-IV-TR):
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years as indicated by atleast three of the following :
- Failure to consider social norms and repeated law breaking.
- Deceitfulness.
- Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
- Irritability and aggressiveness.
- Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
- Consistent irresponsibility.
- Lack of remorse.
Causes :
(i) Biological factors :
Genetic influences: There is moderate heritability for anti-social or criminal behaviour. Researchers found that individuals with low MAO-A activity are more likely to develop Anti-social personality disorder if they had experienced early maltreatment.
Neurological factors: Certain brain areas like temporal lobe and pre-frontal cortex regulate mood and behaviour. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter that can be linked with impulsive and aggressive behaviour.
(ii) Psychosocial factors:
Low fear hypothesis: Research suggests that psychopaths have low trait anxiety and show poor conditioning of fear. They are slow at learning and stop responding in order to avoid punishment.
Emotional deficits: There is a more general difficulty among psychopaths to process and understand the meaning of emotional stimuli. There is a lack of empathy.
Early parental loss, rejection and inconsistency: The aggression is a result of damaging effects of parental rejection, abuse and neglect accompanied by inconsistent discipline.
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