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Question
How are Mendelian inheritance, polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy different from each other?
Solution
Mendelian inheritance refers to the expression of monogenic traits, i.e. gene expression is controlled by one gene. In a pair of alleles, an expression of the recessive gene is always masked by the expression of a dominant gene. The ability of a gene to have multiple phenotypic effects because it influences several characters simultaneously is called pleiotropy. It is due to the effect of the gene on two or more inter-related metabolic pathways which contributes to the formation of different phenotypes.
Polygenic inheritance is a type of inheritance controlled by one or more genes in which the dominant alleles have a cumulative effect with each dominant allele expressing a part or unit of the trait, the full being shown only when all the dominant alleles are present.
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