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Question
How did the Business class relate itself to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain with examples.
Solution
The business class actively supports the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- Indian merchants and business people wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
- To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
- Led by prominent industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G. D. Birla, the industrialists attacked colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
- Most business people came to see swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist, and trade and industry would flourish without constraints.
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‘To the altar of this revolution, we have brought our youth as incense’. |
What was the philosophy behind the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA), founded in 1928?
| ‘To the altar of this revolution, we have brought our youth as incense’. Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence. In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted some of the symbols of British power. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the same year, there was an attempt to blow up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in. Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify ‘the cult of the bomb and pistol’ but wanted a revolution in society: ‘Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The labourer is the real sustainer of society … To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are content. We await the advent of the revolution. Inquilab Zindabad!’ |
Why was Bhagat Singh put on trial?
| ‘To the altar of this revolution, we have brought our youth as incense’. Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence. In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted some of the symbols of British power. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the same year, there was an attempt to blow up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in. Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify ‘the cult of the bomb and pistol’ but wanted a revolution in society: ‘Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The labourer is the real sustainer of society … To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are content. We await the advent of the revolution. Inquilab Zindabad!’ |
In 1929, there was an attempt to blow up the train that was travelling in.
Mention the views of the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) towards the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Examine the progress of the Civil Disobedience Movement among different strata of society.
Explain the participation of women in the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'.
