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Question
How does the megaspore mother cell develop into 7-celled, 8 nucleate embryo sac in an angiosperm?
Solution
The megaspore mother cell undergoes mitosis to form two nuclei which migrate to opposite poles, forming a 2-nucleate embryo sac. Further mitotic divisions lead to the formation of 4-nucleate followed by 8-nucleate stages of the embryo sac. In these mitotic divisions, nuclear division is not followed by cell division.
After the 8-nucleate stage, cell walls are laid down and a typical female gametophyte or embryo sac is formed. Among the eight nuclei, six are enclosed by cell walls and organised into cells, while the remaining two nuclei (called polar nuclei) are situated above the egg apparatus in a large central cell. Out of the six cells, three are grouped at the micropylar end, and constitute the egg apparatus made up of two synergids and one egg cell. The other three cells are located at the chalazal end, and are called antipodals. Thus, a typical angiosperm embryo sac after maturity is 8-nucleated and 7-celled.
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