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Question
Is extra genomic DNA present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? If yes, indicate their location in both the types of organisms.
Solution
Yes, extra genomic DNA is present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In addition to the genomic DNA (the single chromosome/circular DNA), many bacteria (prokaryotes) have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA. These smaller extra genomic DNA are called plasmids. The plasmid DNA confers certain unique phenotypic characters to such bacteria. One such characteristic is resistance to antibiotics. This plasmid DNA is used to monitor bacterial transformation with foreign DNA. In eukaryotes, extra genomic DNA is present in two organelles- mitochondria and plastids.
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