Question

Mention any five facts that are important to understand the mechanism of the monsoon.

Answer 1

To understand the mechanism of the monsoons the following facts are important.

1. The differential heating and cooling of land and water create a low pressure on the landmass of India while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure.
2. The shift of the position of Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Ganga plain (this is the equatorial through normally positioned about 5° N of the equator also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season.
3. The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20° S over the high-pressure area affects the Indian monsoon.
4. The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in strong vertical air currents and the formation of high pressure over the plateau at about 9 km above sea level.
5. The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.