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Question
Motivation is a psychological phenomenon which arises from human needs and wants.
In the light of above statement, explain Maslow's theory on Motivation.
Solution
Motivation is the psychological mechanism that drives individuals to achieve specific goals or meet requirements. Psychological components such as biology, socialisation, emotions, and cognition all contribute to this phenomenon. Motivation drives individuals to overcome difficulties, explore opportunities, and achieve personal and professional growth. The hierarchy of needs presented by Maslow is as follows:
- Physiological Needs: Maslow's hierarchy begins with physiological demands, such as food, drink, air, and shelter, which are essential for survival. Satisfying these basic needs is crucial for survival. Unmet needs drive individuals to prioritise fulfilling them over other goals.
- Safety Needs: After fundamental needs are met, people want security and safety. Safety demands include physical safety, financial security, health, and stability. This involves protection from physical violence, a safe environment, employment, and means to meet basic requirements.
- Social Needs: Social needs include a desire for belonging, affection, and approval. Individuals seek relationships, friendships, and connections to fulfil these requirements. Meeting social needs promotes emotional support, friendship, and a sense of community.
- Esteem Needs: Esteem needs refer to the desire for self-esteem and the esteem of others. This refers to recognition, respect, achievement, position, and independence. Meeting one's esteem demands increases confidence, self-worth, and sense of success.
- Self-Actualisation Needs: Maslow's hierarchy of needs places self-actualization at the top, representing the need for personal growth, potential fulfilment, and self-fulfilment. Self-actualization involves pursuing meaningful goals, expressing creativity, and discovering one's unique talents and capacities.
Application of Maslow's Theory of Motivation
According to Maslow's hierarchy of requirements, people are motivated to meet unmet needs first, and then focus on higher-level wants. A person enduring financial insecurity (safety need) may prioritise securing stable employment (esteem need) over exploring possibilities for personal growth and fulfilment (self-actualization need). Understanding Maslow's hierarchy can help firms customise motivating techniques to meet various employee demands, resulting in a more engaged and productive workforce.
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