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Question
Name an organism that produce cry proteins.
Solution
Cry protein is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The genes that control its production are called cry genes, such as - CryIAb, CryIAc, and CryIIAb. This bacterium produces the protein in the form of endotoxin in the protoxin crystalline state.
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Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?
Insects in the Lepidopteran group lay eggs on maize crops. The larvae on hatching feed on maize leaf and tender cob. In order to arrest the spread of three such Lepidopteran pests, Bt maize crops were introduced in an experimental field.
A study was carried out to see which of the three species of lepidopteran pests was most susceptible to Bt genes and its product.
The lepidopteran pests were allowed to feed on the same Bt-maize crops grown on 5 fields (A-E).
The graph below shows the leaf area damaged by these three pests after feeding on maize leaves for five days.
Key for lepidopteran insect pest species
 |
Species I |
 |
Species II |
 |
Species III |
Insect gut pH was recorded as 10, 8 and 6 respectively for Species I, II and III respectively.
(a) Evaluate the efficacy of the Bt crop on the feeding habits of the three species of stem borer and suggest which species is least susceptible to Bt toxin.
(b) Which species is most susceptible to Bt-maize, and explain why?
(c) Using the given information, suggest why a similar effect was not seen in the three insect species.
How has man exploited cry proteins to his benefit?
