Question

Nature has endowed India with plentiful water resources. Despite this, acute shortage of water is noticed in some states. What could be the reasons for this shortage?

Answer 1

India is known for its abundant water resources, including 12 major rivers and 46 smaller rivers. Some rivers flow year-round, while others only during certain seasons. Despite an annual rainfall of 1,170 mm, which exceeds the global average of 800 mm, some states experience severe water shortages due to the following factors:

1. Uneven Distribution: Water resources are not distributed evenly throughout the country. Monsoon rains have inconsistent patterns, causing devastating floods in some places and severe drought in others.
2. Population Growth: Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, and agricultural growth in India, home to one of the world's largest populations, has led to an increase in water demand. India has 17% of the world's population but just 4% of its freshwater resources.
3. Poor Water Management: Inefficient water management, limited infrastructure, and governance concerns can lead to water shortages in some states.
4. Pollution: Pollution of water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater, reduces the availability of clean water for home, agricultural, and industrial purposes.