Question

Nature of Goa Liberation Struggle -

(A) Establishment of Goa Congress

(B) Fight for the liberation of Goa

(C) Military action

Answer 1

The movement of liberating Goa from Portuguese rule had begun during pre-independence times only.

(A) Establishment of Goa Congress: In 1928 ‘Goa Congress Committee’ was founded in Mumbai. Dr. T. B. Kunha was the president of this committee. In 1929, Goa Congress Committee became an integral branch of the Indian National Congress.

(B) Fight for the liberation of Goa: In 1939, posters with ‘Quit Goa’ slogans were posted all over Goa. Francis Mascarenhas, the President of the United Goan Front unfurled the Indian flag in Goa. In 1946, under the leadership of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, the movement of ‘Civil Disobedience’ was launched in Goa. Dr. Lohia was arrested and was deported from Goa. Dr. T.  B. Kunha, Purushottam Kakodkar, Dr. Ram Hegde, Dr. P. P. Shirodkar and Gopal Mayekar were arrested for participating in the satyagraha at Madgaon. Dr. Kunha was imprisoned for eight years. He was sent to a prison in Portugal. Later, after returning to India, he started publishing two newspapers, namely, ‘Azad Goa’ and ‘Swatantra Goa’. After India’s independence, the movement for liberating Goa took roots in Maharashtra. In 1954, the ‘Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti’ was founded at Pune. Keshavarao Jedhe, N. G. Gore and Jayantrao Tilak took on the responsibility of directing the movement.

(C) Military action: The strong public sentiments in the matter of Goa’s liberation moved Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to act on it. A mission was planned under the code name, ‘Operation Vijay’. Indian army descended in Goa to accomplish the mission. The army was helped by local civilians as well. They showed the army the places where the Portuguese had planted landmines. The Portuguese surrendered within 48 hours. On 19th December 1961 Goa became a part of the Indian Republic. The foreign rule of 450 years came to an end.