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Question
Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of \[\ce{HNO3}\]. State the reason.
Solution
Nitric acid forms a constant boiling mixture with water containing 68% acid. This mixture boils constantly at a constant boiling point without any change in its composition. At this temperature, the gas and the water vapour escape together. Hence, the composition of the solution remains unchanged. So nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by distillation of the dilute solution of \[\ce{HNO3}\].
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