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Question
Nitrogen exists as diatomic molecule and phosphorus as P4. Why?
Solution 1
Nitrogen owing to its small size has a tendency to form pπ−pπ multiple bonds with itself. Nitrogen thus forms a very stable diatomic molecule, N2. On moving down a group, the tendency to form pπ−pπ bonds decreases (because of the large size of heavier elements). Therefore, phosphorus (like other heavier metals) exists in the P4 state.
Solution 2
Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule having a triple bond between the two N-atoms, This is due its small size that it forms pπ-pπ multiple bonds with itself and with carbon /oxygen as well. On the other hand, phosphorus due to its larger size does not form multiple pπ-pπ bonds with itself. It prefers to form P – P single bonds and hence it exists as tetrahedral P4molecule.
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