Question

For the following word below, a context is provided. From the alternatives given, pick the word or phrase that is closest in meaning in the given context. 
Perestroika: In the 1980’s, the “state socialist” tradition became totally discredited as Gorbachev’s programme of perestroika revealed the fundamental failures of the planned economies of the Communist bloc.

Options

• closing off all entries

• manifesto of failure

• opening-up

• nagging policies

Answer 1

Perestroika means the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labour efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.
opening-up is the correct option.