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Question
Principle: Nothing is an offence, which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution.
Facts: 'A' takes up a gun, not knowing whether it is loaded or not, points it playfully at 'B' and pulls the trigger. Consequently, 'B' falls dead.
Options
B's death is accidental, as 'A' did not have the knowledge that th e gun is loaded.
B's death is accidental, as 'A' had no intention to kill 'B'.
B's death is accidental, as 'A' was just pointing the gun playfully at 'B'
B's death is not accidental, as there was want of proper care and caution on the part of 'A'.
Solution
B's death is not accidental, as there was a want of proper care and caution on the part of 'A'.
Explanation:
B's death is not accidental, as here was want of proper care and caution on the part of A. In Bhupender Singh A Chudasama vs State of Gujrat AIR 1997 SC3790, The Hon'ble Supreme Court observed on the falls of a case before it. The primordial requirement of the exception that we get is that it should have been done "with proper Care and Caution".
The reasonable conclusion drawn is that the B's death is not accidental, as there was a lack of proper care and caution on the part of A. So, "B’s death is not accidental, as there was want of proper care and caution on the part of ‘A’" is correct.
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Direction: The passage given below is followed by a set of question. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
In India the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the apex food regulator. It is empowered by and functions under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The FSSAI implements and enforces food regulations as prescribed in the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSS Act). The FSS Act is an Act of Parliament, popularly known as the Food Act. Previous to the FSS Act there were a number of food legislations. All these have been consolidated into a homogenous whole in the FSS Act. The regulations of the FSS Act became effective in 2011 with FSSAI as its regulatory body. Though the Act continues to evolve it needs to be further harmonized with standards of international agencies for global parity.
New Draft Regulations have been formulated by FSSAI. Of special interest is Section 22 of the FSS Act, which deals with "Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, Novel Foods and Health Supplements." For the first time regulations have been proposed for this category of foods. If these products propound nutritional or medicinal benefits they need to have sound scientific evidence. The products must not contain either steroids or psychotropic drugs. Ingredients like vitamins and minerals must conform to the recommended dietary allowances for Indians, as proposed by the Indian Council of Medical Research.
Organic and Traditional foods also do not require product approval as they are being consumed for centuries in India. The ingredients and preparation methods are well known and this guarantees their safety. If, however, traditional and organic foods use any new ingredients or food additive or new technologies in preparation, they need product approval.
Foods Imported into India have to follow the FSS Act, Rules & Regulations If the food articles are standardized, the importer only needs an FSSAI license to import them. The importer also needs to comply with FSSAI regulations for sale and distribution of the food products.
The existing process of product approval for the food articles governed under Section 22 of the FSS Act has been discontinued as updated on August 26, 2015 by FSSAI in response to the ruling by Honorable Supreme Court of India. The regulations on such food products are expected soon and the product approval may be reintroduced through a regulation.
These are exciting times for food safety regulations in India. The recent proposals mentioned in the new Draft Regulations will soon be finalized to become the new Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2015. They will provide new directives in areas such as nutraceuticals and health supplements, which is the need of the hour as these are becoming popular food categories. Standardization for thousands of foods is on the anvil. Food business operators are certainly anticipating some positive changes in food regulations, which could ease product approval process and food operations.
A harmonization of Indian food standards with global standards is a step in the right direction.
Axon a food marketing corporate giant specialized in traditional and organic products. It has captured 73% of the share in this sector across the globe. Recently in the Axon Lab a research breakthrough occurred by mixing traditional food with a newly discovered molecular formula. The new product has become a new attraction amongst the athletes due to its energy enhancement outcomes.
According to the passage does Axon has to apply for approval?
Consists of legal proposition(s)/ principle(s) (hereinafter referred to as 'principle') and facts. Such principles may or may not be true in the real and legal sense, yet you have to conclusively assume them to be true for the purposes of this Section. In other words, in answering these questions, you must not rely on any principle except the principles that are given herein below for every question.
Further, you must not assume any facts other than those stated in the question. The objective of this section is to test your interest in the study of law, research aptitude, and problem-solving ability, even if the 'most reasonable conclusion' arrived at may be absurd or unacceptable for any other reason. It is not the objective of this section to test your knowledge of the law.
Therefore, to answer a question, the principle is to be applied to the given facts and to choose the most appropriate option.
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