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Question
Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:
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Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts on Satyagraha 'It is said of "passive resistance" that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active ....' 'Satyagraha is not a physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction ... In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.' 'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. 'Truth is the very substance of the soul. That why is this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love ... Non-violence is the supreme dharma ...' 'It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own ...' |
- What type of movement Gandhiji organised in South Africa?
- Why is satyagraha considered as pure soul-force?
- How has Gandhiji described passive resistance?
Solution
- Gandhiji organised Satyagraha movement in South Africa. It was his first campaign of Mass Civil Disobedience.
- A Satyagrahi does not cause pain to his adversary; he does not seek his destruction through the use of Satyagraha; there is no ill will. Satyagraha is pure soul force because truth is the soul's very substance. This is why this force is known as Satyagraha.
- According to Gandhiji, "passive resistance" is a tool of the weak that can only be employed by the powerful. This force demanded vigorous activity; it was not passive resistance. It did not forbid using violence or physical force in order to achieve one's goals. On the other hand, Satyagraha has been designed as a tool for the powerful and forbids the use of violence in any form.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
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It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active… 'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill will whatever. 'Satyagraha is pure soul force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love.… Nonviolence is the supreme dharma …' It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own … In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India, with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule will collapse within a year. |
- Why did Gandhiji say that passive resistance is not the weapon of the weak?
- “Satyagraha is pure soul-force.” Substantiate this statement in 20 words.
- What according to Mahatma Gandhi is the best weapon to use to collapse British rule in India?
(a) Two places, 'A' and 'B', have been marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify them with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
- The place where Gandhiji started Satyagraha for indigo peasants. (1)
- The place where Gandhiji broke the Salt Law. (1)
(b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols: (3)
- Naharkatiya - Oil field
- Talcher - Major Coal Mines
- Narora - Atomic Power Plant
- Tuticorin - Major Sea Port
Read the given text and answer the following questions:
| ‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active … ‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. ‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma …‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own ...’ |
- Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma?
- How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his philosophy?
- Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist injustice?
