Question

For the following word below, a context is provided. From the alternatives given, pick the word or phrase that is closest in meaning in the given context. 
Redundancy: Communication is a subtle, complex and continuously fluctuating process, affected by a multitude of factors both external and internal, and two such elements are noise and redundancy.

Options

• that part of message that is predictable or conventional 

• that word or phrase which is surprising 

• that meaning of a word which is sparingly used

• that message which has no clear meaning

Answer 1

Redundancy here refers to the inclusion of extra components which are not strictly necessary to functioning, in case of failure in other components.
that part of message that is predictable or conventional is the correct option.