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Question
The gland X which is located just below the brain in the human head secretes a chemical substance Y which controls the development of ones and muscles in the body of a person. Secretion of too little of substance Y as well as the secretion of too much of substance Y by the gland X leads to abnormal development of the body of a person.
(a) Name the gland X.
(b) What is the chemical substance Y?
(c) What happens if too little of substance Y is secreted?
(d) What happens if too much of substance Y is secreted?
(e) Name the system of glands in the human body of which gland X is a part.
Solution
- X is the pituitary gland. It is located just below the brain.
- The chemical substance (Y) released from the pituitary gland is human growth hormone.
- Under-secretion of growth hormone leads to a condition known as dwarfism. In dwarfism, the person remains very short.
- Over-secretion of growth hormone causes a condition known as gigantism. In gigantism, the person grows very tall.
- The pituitary gland (X) is a part of the endocrine system.
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