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Question
What are 'biofertilizers'? Explain them with suitable examples.
Solution
Biofertilizers: The biofertilizers are nitrogen fixing microbes or fungi which enrich the soil with nutrients.
There are 3 major types of biofertilizers i.e. bacterial biofertilizers, cyanobacterial biofertilizers and fungal biofertilizers.
Examples of biofertilizers:
- Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterial biofertilizer - Rhizobium in root nodule of leguminous plants.
- Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic cyanobacterial biofertilizers - Anabaena azollae in Azolla.
- Nitrogen-fixing non-symbiotic cyanobacterial biofertilizers - Nostoc, Anabaena.
- Mycorrhizal Fungal biofertilizer - Ectotrophic mycorrhiza and Endotrophic mycorrhiza - VAM.
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