Question

What are epics?

Explain the important features of the political organization in the Epic Age.

Answer 1

Epics are long narrative poems that recount the heroic deeds and adventures of legendary or historical figures. They often reflect the values and culture of the society from which they originate.

Answer 2

The political organization in the Epic Age, particularly in ancient India during the time of the Mahabharata and Ramayana, featured several key characteristics:

1. Monarchical System: Kingdoms were ruled by kings who were often considered semi-divine and derived their authority from both lineage and divine sanction.
2. Council of Ministers: Kings were advised by a council of ministers, which included experienced and wise individuals who helped in governance and decision-making.
3. Assemblies: There were popular assemblies like the Sabha and Samiti that had roles in administration and policy-making, reflecting some degree of early democratic practices.
4. Feudal Structure: Society had a hierarchical structure with vassals and feudal lords owing allegiance to the king.
5. Dharma and Law: The concept of dharma (duty/righteousness) was central, guiding both rulers and subjects, with laws often derived from religious texts and customs.
6. Military Organization: Kings maintained standing armies and were expected to be warriors, often leading their troops in battle.
7. Regional Kingdoms: The political landscape was fragmented into numerous regional kingdoms and tribes, each with its own ruler and administration, often engaging in alliances and conflicts with one another.